Source

Overconfidence at the Keyboard: Confidence and Accuracy in Interpreting Affect in E-Mail Exchanges

peer-reviewed experimental study, three experiments Riordan & Trichtinger (2017). Human Communication Research, 43(1), 1-24.

Claim this source supports

“Writers' and readers' confidence in interpreting affect in e-mail was high but somewhat unwarranted given accuracy; writers were more confident that friends would interpret correctly, yet friends were no more accurate than strangers.”

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Your Text Is Colder Than the Voice in Your Head

Short written messages strip out the tone of voice, facial expression, and timing that the writer still hears in their head, so writers overestimate how clearly their intent comes through and readers fill the missing to…