Source

Egocentrism Over E-Mail: Can We Communicate as Well as We Think?

peer-reviewed experimental study, five experiments with student participants Kruger, Epley, Parker, & Ng (2005). Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(6), 925-936.

Claim this source supports

“Senders overestimated how well recipients would understand intended tone over e-mail; overconfidence was greater over e-mail than voice; in Study 4 reading messages aloud in a tone opposite to the intended one eliminated sender overconfidence; Study 3 found no effect of friend versus stranger.”

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Your Text Is Colder Than the Voice in Your Head

Short written messages strip out the tone of voice, facial expression, and timing that the writer still hears in their head, so writers overestimate how clearly their intent comes through and readers fill the missing to…